Eusebius Book 5, Section 28

5.28.1

XXVIII. τούτων ἔν τινος σπουδάσματι κατὰ τῆς ’ Ἀρτέμωνος αἱρέσεως πεπονημένῳ, ἢν αὖθις ὁ ἐκ Σαμοσάτων Παῦλος καθ’ ἡμᾶς ἀνανεώσασθαι πεπείραται, φέρεταί τις διήγησις ταῖς ἐξεταζομέναις ἡμῖν προσήκουσα ἱστορίαις. τὴν γάρ τοι δεδηλωμένην αἵρεσιν φίλον ἄνθρωπον γενέσθαι τὸν σωτῆρα φάσκουσαν οὐ πρὸ πολλοῦ τε νεωτερισθεῖσαν διευθύνων, ἐπειδὴ ἐπειδὴ αὐτὴν ὡς ἂν ἀρχαίαν οἱ ταύτης ἤθελον εἰσηγηταί, πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα εἰς ἔλεγχον αὐτῶν τῆς βλασφήμου ψευδηγορίας παραθεὶς ὁ λόγος ταῦτα κατὰ λέξιν ἱστορεῖ· “φασὶν γὰρ τοὺς μὲν προτέρους ἅπαντας καὶ αὐτοὺς τοὺς ἀποστόλους παρειληφέναι τε καὶ δεδιδαχέναι ταῦτα ἃ νῦν οὗτοι λέγουσιν, καὶ τετηρῆσθαι τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ κηρύγματος μέχρι τῶν Βίκτορος χρόνων, ὃς ἢν τρισκαιδέκατος ἀπὸ Πέτρου ἐν ‘ρώμῃ ἐπίσκοπος· ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ διαδόχου αὐτοῦ Ζεφυρίνου παρακεχαράχθαι τὴν ἀλήθειαν. ἦν δ’ ἂν τυχὸν πιθανὸν τὸ λεγόμενον, εἰ μὴ πρῶτον μὲν ἀντέπιπτον αὐτοῖς αἱ θεῖαι γραφαί· καὶ ἀδελφῶν δέ τινων ἔστιν γράμματα, πρεσβύτερα τῶν βίκτορος χρόνων, ἃ ἐκεῖνοι καὶ πρὸς τὰ ἔθνη ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ πρὸς τὰς τότε αἱρέσεις ἔγραψαν, λέγω δὲ ἰουστίνου καὶ Μιλτιάδου καὶ Τατιανοῦ καὶ Κλήμεντος καὶ ἑτέρων πλειόνων, ἐν οἷς ἅπασιν θεολογεῖται ὁ χριστός. τὰ γὰρ Εἰρηναίου τε καὶ Μελίτωνος καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν τίς ἀγνοεῖ βιβλία, θεὸν καὶ ἄνθρωπον καταγγέλλοντα τὸν χριστόν, ψαλμοὶ δὲ δάοι καὶ ᾠδαὶ ἀδελφῶν ἑ ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς ὑπὸ πιστῶν γραφεῖσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ τὸν Χριστὸν ὑμνοῦσιν θεολογοῦντες; πῶς οὖν ἐκ τοσούτων ἐτῶν καταγγελλομένου τοῦ ἐκκλησιαστικοῦ φρονήματος, ἐνδέχεται τοὺς μέχρι Βίκτορος οὕτως ὡς οὗτοι λέγουσιν κεκηρυχέναι; πῶς δὲ οὐκ αἰδοῦνται ταῦτα Βίκτορος καταψεύδεσθαι, ἀκριβῶς εἰδότες ὅτι Βίκτωρ Θεόδοτον τὸν σκυτέα, τὸν ἀρχηγὸν καὶ πατέρα ταύτης τῆς ἀρνησιθέου ἀποστασίας, ἀπεκήρυξεν τῆς κοινωνίας, πρῶτον εἰπόντα φίλον ἄνθρωπον τὸν χριστόν; εἰ γὰρ Βίκτωρ κατ’ αὐτοὺς οὕτως ἐφρόνει ὡς ἡ τούτων διδάσκει βλασφημία, πῶς ἂν ἀπέβαλεν Θεόδοτον τὸν τῆς αἱρέσεως ταύτης εὑρετήν;”

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XXVIII. In a treatise worked out by one of these against the heresy of Artemon, which Paul of Samosata has tried to renew in our time, there is extant an account which bears on the history which we are examining. For he criticizes the abovementioned heresy (which claims that the Savior was a mere man) as a recent innovation, because those who introduced it wished to make it respectable as being ancient. Among many other points adduced in refutation of their blasphemous falsehood, the treatise relates this: “For they say that all who went before and the apostles themselves received and taught what they now say, and that the truth of the teaching was preserved until the times of Victor, who was the thirteenth bishop in Rome after Peter, but that the truth had been corrupted from the time of his successor, Zephyrinus. What they said might perhaps be plausible if in the first place the divine scriptures were not opposed to them, and there are also writings of certain Christians, older than the time of Victor, which they wrote to the Gentiles on behalf of the truth and against the heresies of their own time. I mean the works of Justin and Miltiades and Tatian and Clement and many others, in all of which Christ is treated as God. For who is ignorant of the books of Irenaeus and Melito and the others who announced Christ as God and man? And all the Psalms and hymns which were written by faithful Christians from the beginning sing of the Christ as the Logos of God and treat him as God. How then is it possible that after the mind of the church had been announced for so many years that the generation before Victor can have preached as these say? Why are they not ashamed of so calumniating Victor, when they know quite well that Victor excommunicated Theodotus the cobbler, the founder and father of this denial of God, when he first said that Christ was a mere man? For if Victor was so minded towards them as their blasphemy teaches, how could he have thrown out Theodotus, who invented this heresy?”

5.28.2

Καὶ τὰ μὲν κατὰ τὸν Βίκτορα τοσαῦτα· τούτου δὲ ἔτεσιν δέκα προστάντος τῆς λειτουργίας διάδοχος καθίσταται Ζεφυρῖνος ἀμφὶ τὸ ἔνατον τῆς Σευήρου βασιλείας ἔτος. προστίθησιν δὲ ὁ τὸ προειρημένον συντάξας περὶ τοῦ κατάρξαντος τῆς δηλωθείσης αἱρέσεως βιβλίον καὶ ἄλλην κατὰ Ζεφυρῖνον γενομένην πρᾶξιν, ὧδέ πως αὐτοῖς ῥήμασι γράφων· “ὑπομνήσω γοῦν πολλοὺς τῶν ἀδελφῶν πρᾶγμα ἐφ’ ἡμῶν γενόμενον, ὃ νομίζω ὅτι εἰ ἐν Σοδόμοις ἐγεγόνει, τυχὸν ἂν κἀκείνους ἐνουθέτησεν. Νατάλιος ἦν τις ὁμολογητής, οὐ πάλαι, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τῶν ἡμετέρων γενόμενος καιρῶν. οὗτος ἠπατήθη ποτὲ ὑπὸ Ἀσκληπιοδότου καὶ ἑτέρου Θεοδότου τινὸς τραπεζίτου· ἦσαν δὲ οὗτοι ἄμφω Θεοδότου τοῦ σκυτέως μαθηταὶ τοῦ πρώτου ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῆ φρονήσει, μᾶλλον δὲ ἀφροσύνῃ, ἀφορισθέντος τῆς κοινωνίας ὑπὸ Βίκτορος, ὡς ἔφην, τοῦ τότε ἐπισκόπου. ἀνεπείσθη δὲ ὁ Νατάλιος ὑπ’ αὐτῶν ἐπὶ σαλαρίῳ ἐπίσκοπος κληθῆναι ταύτης τῆς αἱρέσεως, ὥστε λαμβάνειν παρ’ αὐτῶν μηνιαῖα δηνάρια ρν'. γενόμενος οὖν σὺν αὐτοῖς, δι’ ὁραμάτων πολλάκις ἐνουθετεῖτο ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου· ὁ γὰρ εὔσπλαγχνος θεὸς καὶ κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς οὐκ ἐβούλετο ἔξω ἐκκλησίας γενόμενον ἀπολέσθαι μάρτυρα τῶν ἰδίων παθῶν. ἐπεὶ δὲ ῥᾳθυμότερον τοῖς ὁράμασιν προσεῖχεν, δελεαζόμενος τῆ τε παρ’ αὐτοῖς πρωτοκαθεδρίᾳ καὶ τῇ πλείστους ἀπολλυούσῃ αἰσχροκερδίᾳ, τελευταῖον ὑπὸ ἁγίων ἀγγέλων ἐμαστιγώθη δι’ ὅλης τῆς νυκτὸς οὐ μικρῶς αἰκισθείς, ὥστε ἕωθεν ἀναστῆναι καὶ ἐνδυσάμενον σάκκον καὶ ἄποδόν καταπασάμενον μετὰ πολλῆς σπουδῆς καὶ δακρύων προσπεσεῖν Ζεφυρίνῳ τῷ ἐπισκόπῳ, κυλιόμενον ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας οὐ μόνον τῶν ἐν κλήρῳ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν λαικῶν, συγχέαι τε τοῖς δάκρυσιν τὴν εὔσπλαγχνον ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ ἐλεήμονος χριστοῦ πολλῇ τε τῆ δεήσει χρησάμενον δείξαντά τε τοὺς μώλωπας ὧν εἰλήφει πληγῶν μόλις κοινωνηθῆναι.”

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Such were the events of the time of Victor. When he had held his office ten years, Zephyrinus was appointed his successor in the ninth year of the reign of Severus. And the author of the book mentioned above, about the founder of the above-mentioned heresy, adds another incident which happened in the time of Zephyrinus, and writes as follows: “I will at least remind many of the brethren of an event which happened in our time, which I think would have probably been a warning to the men of Sodom had it happened in their city. There was a certain confessor, Natalius, not long ago but in our own time. He was deceived by Asclepiodotus and by a second Theodotus, a banker. These were both disciples of Theodotus the cobbler, who was first excommunicated by Victor, who, as I said, was then bishop, for this way of thinking, or rather of not thinking. Natalius was persuaded by them to be called bishop of this heresy with a salary, so that he was paid a hundred and fifty denarii a month by them. When he was with them he was often warned by the Lord in visions, for our merciful God and Lord, Jesus Christ, did not wish that one who had been a witness of his own sufferings should go out of the church and perish. But when he paid less attention to the visions, being enticed by his leading rank among them and by that covetousness which ruins so many, he was at last scourged all night long by holy angels, and suffered not a little, so that in the morning he got up, put on sackcloth, and sprinkled himself with ashes, and went with much haste, and fell down with tears before Zephyrinus the bishop, rolling at the feet not only of the clergy but also of the laity, and moved with his tears the compassionate church of the merciful Christ, and, making much entreaty and showing the welts of the blows he had received, was scarcely admitted into communion.”

5.28.3

Tούτοις ἐπισυνάψομεν καὶ ἄλλας περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν τοῦ αὐτοῦ συγγραφέως φωνάς, τοῦτον ἐχούσας τὸν τρόπον· “γραφὰς μὲν θείας ἀφόβως ῥερᾳδιουργήκασιν, πίστεώς τε ἀρχαίας κανόνα ἠθετήκασιν, Χριστὸν δὲ ἠγνοήκασιν, οὐ τί αἱ θεῖαι λέγουσιν γραφαί, ζητοῦντες, ἀλλ’ ὁποῖον σχῆμα συλλογισμοῦ εἰς τὴν τῆς ἀθεότητος σύστασιν εὑρεθῇ, φιλοπόνως ἀσκοῦντες. κἂν αὐτοῖς προτείνῃ τις ῥητὸν γραφῆς θεικῆς, ἐξετάζουσιν πό- τερον συνημένον ἢ διεχευγμένον δύναται ποιῆσαι σχῆμα συλλογισμοῦ· καταλιπόντες δὲ τὰς ἁγίας τοῦ θεοῦ γραφάς, γεωμετρίαν ἐπιτηδεύουσιν, ὡς ἂν ἐκ τῆς γῆς ὄντες καὶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς λαλοῦντες καὶ τὸν ἄνωθεν ἐρχόμενον ἀγνοοῦντες. Εὐκλείδης γοῦν παρά τισιν αὐτῶν φιλοπόνως θαυμάζονται· Ἀριστοτέλης δὲ καὶ Θεόφραστος θαυμάζονται· Γαληνὸς γὰρ ἴσως ὑπό τινων καὶ προσκυνεῖται. οἱ δὲ ταῖς τῶν ἀπίστων τέχναις εἰς τὴν τῆς αἱρέσεως αὐτῶν γνώμην ἀποχρώμενοι καὶ τῇ τῶν ἀθέων πανουργίᾳ τὴν ἁπλῆν τῶν θείων γραφῶν πίστιν καπηλεύοτες, ὅτι μηδὲ ἐγγὺς πίστεως ὑπάρχουσιν, τί δεῖ καὶ λέγειν; διὰ τοῦτο ταῖς θείαις γραφαῖς ἀφόβως ἐπέβαλον τὰς χεῖρας, λέγοντες αὐτὰς διωρθωκέναι. καὶ ὅτι τοῦτο μὴ καταψευδόμενος αὐτῶν λέγω, ὁ βουλόμενος δύναται μαθεῖν. εἰ γάρ τις θελήσει συγκομίσας αὐτῶν ἑκάστου τὰ ἀντίγραφα ἐξ· ἐτάζειν πρὸς ἄλληλα, κατὰ πολὺ ἂν εὕροι διαφωνοῦντα. ἀσύμφωνα γοῦν ἔσται τὰ Ἀσκληπιάδου τοῖς Θεοδότου, πολλῶν δὲ ἔστιν εύπορῆσαι διὰ τὸ φιλοτίμως ἐκγεγράφθαι τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτῶν τὰ ὑφ’ ἑκάστου αὐτῶν, ὡς αὐτοὶ καλοῦσιν, κατωρθωμένα, τοῦτ’ ἐστὶν ἠφανισμένα· πάλιν δὲ τούτοις τὰ Ἑρμοφίλου οὐ συνᾴδει. τὰ γὰρ Απολλωνιάδου οὐδὲ αὐτὰ ἑαυτοῖς ἐστιν σύμφωνα· ἔνεστιν γὰρ συγκρῖναι τὰ πρότερον ὑπ’ αὐτῶν κατασκευασθέντα τοῖς ὕστερον πάλιν ἐπιδιαστρα- φεῖσιν καὶ εὑρεῖν κατὰ πολὺ ἀπᾴδοντα. ὅσης δὲ τόλμης ἐστὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἁμάρτημα, εἰκὸς μηδὲ ἐκείνους ἀγνοεῖν. ἢ γὰρ οὐ πιστεύουσιν ἁγίῳ πνεύματι λελέχθαι τὰς θείας γραφάς, καί εἰσιν ἀπιστοι· ἢ ἑαυτοὺς ἡγοῦνται σοφωτέρους τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ὑπάρχειν, καὶ τί ἕτερον ἢ δαιμονῶσιν; οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀρνήσασθαι δύνανται ἑαυτῶν εἶναι τὸ τόλμημα, ὁπόταν καὶ τῆ αὐτῶν χειρὶ ἧ γεγραμμένα, καὶ παρ’ ὧν κατηχήθησαν, μὴ τοιαύτας παρέλαβον τὰς γραφάς, καὶ δεῖξαι ἀντίγραφα ὅθεν αὐτὰ μετεγράψαντο, μὴ ἔχωσιν. ἔνιοι δ’ αὐτῶν οὐδὲ παραχαράσσειν ἠξίωσαν αὐτάς, ἀλλ’ ἁπλῶς ἀρνησάμενοι τόν τε νόμον καὶ τοὺς προφήτας, ἀνόμου καὶ ἀθέου διδασκαλίας προφάσει χάριτος εἰς ἔσχατον ἀπωλείας ὄλεθρον κατωλίσθησαν.”

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We would add to this some other words of the same author on the same persons, which run as follows: “They have not feared to corrupt divine Scriptures, they have nullified the rule of ancient faith, they have not known Christ, they do not inquire what the divine Scriptures say, but industriously consider what syllogistic figure may be found for the support of their atheism. If anyone adduced to them a text of divine Scripture, they inquire whether it can be put in the form of a conjunctive or a disjunctive syllogism. They abandon the holy Scripture of God and study geometry, for they are of the earth and they speak of the earth and him who comes from above they do not know. Some of them, forsooth, study the geometry of Euclid and admire Aristotle and Theophrastus. Galen perhaps is even worshipped by some of them. When they make a bad use of the arts of unbelievers for the opinions of their heresy, and adulterate the simple faith of the divine Scriptures by the cunning of the godless, what need is there to say that they are not even near the faith? For this cause they did not fear to lay hands on the divine Scriptures, saying that they had corrected them. And that I do not calumniate them in saying this, anyone who wishes can learn, for if any be willing to collect and compare with each other the texts of each of them, he would find them in great discord, for the copies of Asclepiades do not agree with those of Theodotus, and it is possible to obtain many of them because their disciples have diligently written out copies corrected, as they say, but really corrupted by each of them. Again the copies of Hermophilus do not agree with these; the copies of Apolloniades are not even consistent with themselves, for the copies first made by them can be compared with those which later on underwent a second corruption, and they will be found to disagree greatly. The impudence of this sin can scarcely be unknown even to them, for either they do not believe that the divine Scriptures were spoken by the Holy Spirit, and if so they are unbelievers, or they think that they are wiser than the Holy Spirit, and what are they but demoniacs? For they cannot even deny that this crime is theirs, seeing that the copies were written in their own hand, and they did not receive the Scriptures in this condition from their teachers, nor can they show originals from which they made their copies. Some of them have not thought it necessary even to emend the text, but simply deny the Law and the Prophets, and thus on the pretence of their wicked and godless teaching have fallen to the lowest destruction of perdition.”

5.28.4

Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν τοῦτον ἱστορήσθω τὸν τρόπον.

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